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John Edison Foster: Okay, there we go now.

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John Edison Foster: Just okay so it's my pleasure to introduce Professor Troy Carter he will be given to mitzi special mitzi talk today i'm Troy is a professor at you.

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John Edison Foster: At UCLA and the director of the basic plasma science facility it houses lapd, which is a very large plasma chamber for magnetized plasma studies.

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John Edison Foster: Actually, this is a second monthly talk and one at one of the talks was on experiments at lapd so Troy received his PhD from princeton and went on to win the Dawson award as an assistant professor in 2002 at UCLA for his experimental work on magnetic reconnection that's.

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John Edison Foster: Pretty impressive award they're starting out very fast it's also fellow the American physical society, but what choices going to present to us today is not on some experiments at lapd it's.

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John Edison Foster: Something that's going to affect all of us he's going to brief us on the do a long range planning report for fusion energy and beyond basic plasma physics.

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John Edison Foster: So basically, this is a long range planning that sort of maps out do investments in plasma physics over the next 10 years so we'll all be impacted students that are on the call.

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John Edison Foster: This will affect your trajectories as well, so sit tight and enjoy the report was well received by the Community and the SEC has approved it.

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John Edison Foster: was interesting and pivoted toward a fusion power plant here in the US by around 920 40 and it also includes.

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John Edison Foster: And this is a really new edition and we're excited about this plasma science and engineering program is very exciting.

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John Edison Foster: So Troy I want to thank you for all the hard work that you did to put the team together and and.

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John Edison Foster: carry out this process, I guess it's a Labor of love it's a whole community that's affected, and so we thank you for that ahead of time and also so you get another mitzi mode so just to get another snapshot of that i'm.

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John Edison Foster: Here we go look up to.

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John Edison Foster: These like super bowl rings.

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Troy Carter: Five more and then i'll be brains.

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John Edison Foster: yeah yeah yeah.

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John Edison Foster: And you'll be reading those things are rare and Nobel Prizes, as they say.

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John Edison Foster: i'm sorry.

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John Edison Foster: take it away.

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Troy Carter: All right, let me share my screen.

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Troy Carter: oops.

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Troy Carter: I need the host enabled screen sharing for me real quick and then i'll be good to go.

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Troy Carter: And let's try it again Okay, yes, yes.

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Troy Carter: Okay, good all right.

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Troy Carter: let's see.

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Troy Carter: Okay, so thanks john so as he mentioned what i'm here to do today is not talk about my research but talk about how I am john and Scott.

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Troy Carter: spend our last year and carolyn crowns participate in this important ways also.

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Troy Carter: So this this is discussing the p SEC long range plan that was just just approved, in fact, last Friday was made final and delivered to the office of science.

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Troy Carter: The public release i'm hoping will happen today, but at least you're seeing the final graphics from the report in my presentation here, so let me start with telling you.

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Troy Carter: A little context, what this is about why it started so again as as john mentioned.

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Troy Carter: The goal here is to produce a 10 year strategy for duty fusion energy sciences, which invest in fusion R amp D, as well as fundamental plasma science.

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Troy Carter: This is really a first of a kind process for this community for duty fps and just to again remind you of the landscape federal landscape for support so.

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Troy Carter: fps is that http provides the majority of federal support for fusion energy research but also importantly supports fundamental and apply plasma science, research it's not alone in that of course plasmas have.

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Troy Carter: A wide range of applications and there are many agencies that have interest that i'll point out again as we go.

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Troy Carter: what's the what's first of a kind about this process it's really is that it's research community driven number one.

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Troy Carter: Number two that it looks across the entire portfolio so it's not just planning for fusion, not just planning for basic science, but looking at them together and again, our goal was to look at fiscal 22 to 31.

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Troy Carter: There are there's lots of planning activities that are going on in the Community, that are important in particular several national academies reports.

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Troy Carter: 2018 there was a report called opportunities and intense ultrafast lasers, are the brightest light report that has is important and contacts mark Krishna and gary's anke web the plasma decade old report that finished in 2020 and I skipped 2019 2019 there was an important report that.

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Troy Carter: Mike mall and Mel socket led looking at burning plasma research specific the fusion energy research and all three of these.

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Troy Carter: are important context for the process that we went through over the last two years.

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Troy Carter: The starting point for the process was a charge from DC office of science from from Steve binkley at the time, who was currently acting director of office of science.

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Troy Carter: The charge covers the entire D portfolio fcs portfolio, so it looks at fusion energy research, as well as the broader mission to steward plasma science has as it's quoted here.

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Troy Carter: Importantly, this was set up to be a two part process Okay, and this is modeled after successful strategic planning within other research communities in particular.

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Troy Carter: nuclear physics within the office of science and high energy physics within the office of science.

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Troy Carter: And, in particular the p five report that was produced by high energy physics community is an example that we wanted to follow.

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Troy Carter: And that process again there's two parts to it there's a Community driven phase, basically, where the Community comes together.

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Troy Carter: enumerate all the opportunities lays out, what are the the the scientific and technical gaps needed to make progress, and this process this part.

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Troy Carter: For this process was led by the APS division of plasma physics, which convened a group, as all say more about in a second.

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Troy Carter: And this was called the Community planning process, part two, was led by fusion energy sciences Advisory Committee and a subcommittee that I lead that john was part of and Scott also.

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Troy Carter: What that what that process had to do, in addition to kind of making recommendations about what are the scientific and technical opportunities.

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Troy Carter: was also to produce three budget scenarios, to look at these opportunities and how they might fit under budget scenario is the first is constant level of effort so that basically means no.

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Troy Carter: No increases from fiscal 19 except for inflation modest growth so 2% above that and then an unconstrained scenario, but prioritized an important part of this so either is a is the biggest one has been the biggest project in the office of science.

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Troy Carter: that's an important investment for for do we fps but we were to assume that contributions to that project continued throughout the entire period.

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Troy Carter: And so we interpreted that to focus on the non either construction project portions so we just looked at that piece, we did not project or opine on the eater construction project.

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Troy Carter: In our process, but we did consider an eater research team and either operations which are due to start in 2025 2026.

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Troy Carter: Okay, the phase one process again this Community lead phase was very successful thanks to the CPP leadership so they're eight folks on here.

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Troy Carter: seven of which led it to the end and Scott and carolyn were a big part of this this again was a Community driven effort year long.

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Troy Carter: Where there's many White Papers submitted with again ideas for new opportunities and new facilities needed to make progress.

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Troy Carter: Lots of webinars lots of town halls and then five major workshops, where people gathered and large number of our it locations ending a meeting in Houston.

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Troy Carter: and important part of this is is very open process, so the Community reviewed and vetted the draft report out of this process and also very important.

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Troy Carter: Is that the process did not just list, make a laundry list of everything that would be interesting and every opportunity.

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Troy Carter: But the Community work together, did the hard work of establishing priorities, what are the most important opportunities that are out there, and that was very important for the second phase process as we looked at how we fit into budgets and areas.

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Troy Carter: So this consensus report that came out of the phase one the cpb report, as we call it.

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Troy Carter: expresses the committee's a Community excitement and move forward and then there was an urgency to move forward to develop fusion energy.

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Troy Carter: but also their excitement and urgency to advance plasma science and engineering.

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Troy Carter: And the CPP report is this is really the scientific and technical basis for the feedback report, so I put Thank you here to the whole Community, many of you are engaged in that process.

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Troy Carter: And it was absolutely critical to this process, I should say for additional context, why this is very important, the fusion research community, in particular.

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Troy Carter: and broader fcs support community has a.

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Troy Carter: You know hasn't had the best track record and strategic planning, I would say that, so the previous attempts to do this review this failure because.

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Troy Carter: Really, the Community was not fully engaged in developing the plan, and so what Congress Congressional staffers do a leadership really wanted to see out of us in this process.

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Troy Carter: is for the communities to come together and really speak with one voice behind a plan and and that has happened in this report and it's the success of that is really due to the CPP and how it was run, so thank you again.

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Troy Carter: Alright, the committee that then took the ball from the Community planning process and moved it forward is here, and again thanks to Scott and john for participating and there's many others that that deserve thanks here, but those two are here.

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Troy Carter: And don Ray is the Chair fee sacchi was ex officio that played an important role, not only in this process, but and really getting it in motion back in 2018.

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Troy Carter: All right, and a few other Thank you lori morat those that participate in the CDP know Laura she.

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Troy Carter: She really helped us throughout the whole two year process as a strategic planning consultant that was very important Sam bearish from fps and we had lots of help with graphic design and editing that which was critical and lots of good editing and copy editing.

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Troy Carter: And so the graphics you see here do to stay sandbox studio and thanks to Jim Dawson and Marty Hannah for their editing support.

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Troy Carter: And if you're wondering where the purple comes from this is a picture that actually Scott, provided the air discharge at the University of iowa That was the motivation for the purple color that you'll see in the final report and all these slides.

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Troy Carter: Okay, so this the subcommittee started working pretty much a year ago today.

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Troy Carter: And the real the real work ramped up in March of last year that's when the CPP report was handed over to the sack.

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Troy Carter: We are in the middle of a pandemic, so the entire process was virtual so many of the subcommittee members never met each other in person, just because all we had to do it all on zoom.

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Troy Carter: So as a tremendous amount of work, I mean Scott and john me tell you, the number of hours they spend on zoom staring at me and we did a little bit Ms teams, thanks to our oakridge colleagues.

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Troy Carter: But it was a lot of virtual discussion it wasn't just us we had lots of guest speakers people from other federal agencies.

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Troy Carter: Again, keeping in mind that both fusion and plasma science have support across the federal sector on related reports like the decade old like the brightest light report.

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Troy Carter: Like the the burning fires and report and on as as i'll say there's a lot of discussion in the report about engaging.

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Troy Carter: Private sector so both in fusion energy development also in in plasma technology development, so we heard from other agencies and other Community Members on Public Private Partnership models that have worked outside of fusion and plasma science, that we can learn from.

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Troy Carter: The CDP process had a lot of Community engagement, we had less, but we did have focus groups and one one large virtual workshop that helped provide input and thanks to those who participated.

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Troy Carter: The scenarios, we had to do budgets and so that required extensive but budget analysis, we got a lot of data from historic data from MDS about.

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Troy Carter: about investments in fusion energy and plasma science and a range of inputs on facility costs we had some help from DEA we project experts Jeff hole and call strawbridge in that process.

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Troy Carter: Following the leader, the Community we work by consensus to produce the final report.

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Troy Carter: If you look at that the report, the draft is available to you now, but the file should be there soon their signatures at the front and those signatures really represent that.

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Troy Carter: idea that this is a consensus report what that means is every one of us would have written it differently, have we done it on our own, but we work together to find consensus language, and in that way again try to speak with one voice about the message.

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Troy Carter: status, so the report was released publicly December 4 That was the draft be sacked meeting was December 7 through 10 that was for the official approval he's asked asked for changes, but there was unanimous approval of the report.

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Troy Carter: we implemented the changes we edit it and copy edit it and make it look prettier final report last Friday was sent to see binkley Harriet Kong the new T shirt chief of staff in the office of science.

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Troy Carter: Public really should be soon, I was hoping to say today it's getting close to the end of the day, on the east coast we'll see if it happens, but it should be soon, the report will appear at this website us fusion and plasma.org you can find the draft report there in the meantime.

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Troy Carter: So let me walk you through what the report says, and so i'll talk i'll give you the executive summary.

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Troy Carter: level summary of the report first and then i'll walk you through the recommendations and again the recommendations span the whole portfolio so looking at fusion R amp D, as well as plasma.

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Troy Carter: So the first message from the executive summary is that now's the time to move forward on the Development of Fusion Energy, this is a sentiment that's echoed from the burning plasma report from 2019.

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Troy Carter: The reason now's the time there's a few few content few reasons that we say this now.

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Troy Carter: Importantly, there been scientific and technological breakthroughs recently that enable a different path and unique us vision so within the Bernie plasma report.

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Troy Carter: What was laid out was a new goal for the US fusion program to develop a fusion pilot plan by the 2014 so the fusion power plant would be a net electricity producer to demonstrate electricity production by fusion.

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Troy Carter: And so, scientific and technical innovations that enable that there's a couple of examples I give here, first of all.

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Troy Carter: Really more deeper understanding of the behavior of edge plasmas and Tucker Max resulting in record magnetically confined pressure.

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Troy Carter: technological breakthroughs include high temperature superconductors that enable much higher magnetic field to be possible within fusion devices.

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Troy Carter: And another important context is the growth of private sector fusion r&d so over the last 10 years there's been a roughly $2 billion invested.

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Troy Carter: In private sector fusion startup and private Fusion Development, and here I just show a slide from the fusion energy association showing the various companies that have sprung up recognizing the opportunity to move forward rapidly with fusion energy development.

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Troy Carter: A second point again this report spans the whole portfolio is that plasmas have can and will continue to transform society there's far reaching impact, of course, the advances in fusion energy.

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Troy Carter: benefit from plasma science, but again understanding the universe.

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Troy Carter: You know anything you look up in the sky at night it's glowing is plasma and there's a lot of other plasmas you might not see that that are out there, so understanding processes in the universe requires deep knowledge of plasma physics.

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Troy Carter: We create exotic states of matters with the most intense lasers in the world and understanding that is plasma science.

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Troy Carter: And importantly it's something we highlight in this report is there, there are transformative applications that plasmas enable.

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Troy Carter: And they impact our everyday lives and our route to a more sustainable society, and you know, one that is should be well known to everyone is plasma processing materials that is at the heart of the semiconductor and information technology industry which is enormous.

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Troy Carter: OK, so those two points are joined together why plasmas and fusion together.

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Troy Carter: They have shared history and so fusion reactor has at its core a burning plasma plasma and which fusion reaction heating is dominant.

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Troy Carter: You have to understand that, to enable fusion and really the two fields grew up together so fusion was a was a big driver it wasn't the only one, but it was a big driver for the development of plasma physics as a discipline.

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Troy Carter: And so that link is there, however, they have the link does not define either one completely so fusion has many technology needs and science, these are beyond plasmas.

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Troy Carter: understanding and developing materials that can withstand intense neutron fluxes and intense heat finding out how to breed fusion fuel tritium using neutrons from the fusion reaction and plasma, so the same way there's married applications of plasmas and fusion is just one of them.

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Troy Carter: Okay, another high level point that I already called out was that we need to.

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Troy Carter: partnerships will accelerate progress, we need to enhance our partnership internationally in the private sector and within the Federal Government.

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Troy Carter: So International Partnership in the eater project is critical to gain access to high gain burning Plaza that's a big investment within the office of science.

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Troy Carter: At the same time partnerships with the private sector so PPP is we say Public Private Partnership are important and have the potential to reduce time to develop fusion energy and plasma technology.

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Troy Carter: The goal here, ultimately, is to commercialize fusion energy to do that, you have to grow a fusion industry and, finally, and also very important.

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Troy Carter: Interagency partnerships are needed to maximize progress so again because of the myriad applications of plasma science.

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Troy Carter: You find federal agencies many federal agencies that invest in plasma science and so taking together there's a huge investment taken apart and may not look like critical mass so it's important to link those together to maximize progress in r&d in plasma science and engineering.

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Troy Carter: or alright, another important point again arguably fusion research and plasma research grew up in the US and so we've been world leading in that effort, but we requires action to sustain that leadership.

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Troy Carter: we're one opportunity that's before us is the creation of a fusion industry we're in the lead at the moment and we should take that take the opportunity to support that possibility.

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Troy Carter: leadership and key areas of science and technology is threatened by the absence of investment and major new facilities.

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Troy Carter: to adjust needs so we've had important investment needed investment in the eater project but alongside that, to close other important gaps and fusion and and take opportunities and plasma science, we have not made investments and we need to.

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Troy Carter: And this point i've already made and i'll say it again.

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Troy Carter: The high level takeaway from this is that for the first time the communities have come together to create a long range plan that looks at both developing fusion energy and advancing plasma science.

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Troy Carter: And this is very important, the Community came together produced the CPP report, as I already said, not only.

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Troy Carter: enumerated a list of opportunities, but really did the hard work of figuring out what the priority should be and, again, thank you to the Community for that, because that report forms the basis for the strategy presented here.

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Troy Carter: Okay, so the the report.

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Troy Carter: And the CDP report, the Community asked for new directions for the fcs program and we break them into two categories.

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Troy Carter: The first is fusion, science and technology, and there the goal as set forth by the burning plasma report is to establish a scientific and technical basis for a fusion pilot plan by the 2014.

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Troy Carter: The area that was formerly called discovery plasma science within the fcs portfolio we've renamed as plasma science and technology, recognizing the opportunity not only to advance fundamental understanding of plasmas but also to translate that into technologies that benefit society.

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Troy Carter: So these two new directions are embodied in what we're six what we're calling technology and science drivers within the FST area there's three the first is sustaining a burning plasma, so this is.

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Troy Carter: Understanding the core plasma physics needed to sustain and stabilize and control a burning plasma, so that you can produce energy.

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Troy Carter: The second to focus on what surrounds that burning plasma, the first is to engineer for extreme conditions, so this is to develop the materials to withstand the very extreme environment.

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Troy Carter: So you have intense heat flux is intense neutron fluxes and you need materials that can withstand that.

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Troy Carter: This the third one harnessed fusion power, so you need to find a way to breed fusion fuel, so the tritium that's needed and the dt reaction, you have to produce it.

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Troy Carter: You do that by capturing neutrons from a fusion reaction and looking at lithium and reactions to generate tritium.

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Troy Carter: We need energy engineer technologies that allow that breathing to be successful, to get a brain ratio bigger than one, and also to generate electricity.

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Troy Carter: So as i'll say again later, the second to have had less emphasis than needed over the over the last decade, we need to enhance investment in the area that that we've been calling fusion materials and technology.

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Troy Carter: At the same time maintaining the world leading effort and the important work that has to be done within the first one, this is stadium and burning plasma.

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Troy Carter: Okay within plasma science and technology area there's three drivers here, the first is as i've already mentioned.

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Troy Carter: understand the plasma university there's a host of processes really you know the processes that are at the heart of some of the most energetic events we observe.

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Troy Carter: are connected to plasma so understanding those processes and the plasma science and physics behind them is important.

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Troy Carter: The second we call strengthen the foundation, so this is really to expand the horizons of plasma science push the frontier.

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Troy Carter: explore and discover new regimes and exotic states of matter and here new experimental capabilities are needed, both to drive hdd regime, but also to look in regimes like ultra cold plasmas where we can push the envelope.

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Troy Carter: And finally create transformer technology, so this is this we call out of the new emphasis, there is investment already went with an fps where we think we need a dedicated program to focus on a plasma technologies that really have the potential to transform society.

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Troy Carter: Okay, with that I want to give you a quick run through the recommendation to try to leave time for.

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Troy Carter: discussion and questions here, but I want to walk you through the recommendations and then talk a little bit about the scenarios.

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Troy Carter: Budget scenarios that is so, the recommendations come in two broad categories overarching are not specific to a particular research program or project.

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Troy Carter: But are needed, they need to be acted on, to enable the strategic plan to be successful, the second category will be program and project specific that's broken into three subcategories.

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Troy Carter: FST pst and then cross cutting recommendations so starting with overarching first, so I already mentioned in the High Level summary, the lack of investment and major new capabilities.

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Troy Carter: If you look at the budget that forms the basis for this strategy, the fiscal 19 budget and you take out the either construction project which is money that is going to be invested through the next decade.

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Troy Carter: There is there were there were no resources in that budget for ongoing design and construction of new capabilities, so this is an unhealthy situation in which to.

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Troy Carter: To go in a different direction, build a new facility under a constant budget, you have to turn something off or redirect activity.

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Troy Carter: So the refresh recommendation is to establish resources that for ongoing continued design and construction of new experimental facilities that are needed to address.

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Troy Carter: take advantage of opportunities and address gaps as you move towards fusion and energy.

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Troy Carter: To go along with that the second recommendation is that the opportunities for doing this doesn't have to be all at large scale there's a lot of need, at large scale.

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Troy Carter: The frontier is there for many problems within fusion and plasma science, but there are opportunities that are range of scales and we need to enable those opportunities as appropriate to this plan.

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Troy Carter: Another related point.

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Troy Carter: So, because there has been a lack of investment in developing new capabilities we also find yourself in a situation where ideas that are out there had not really been developed to the appropriate level to enable a process like this to be to be as successful as possible to be efficient.

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Troy Carter: So we really need to have maturation and preconceptions designs the scope for new facilities and costing that really this should happen as part of regular program activities it doesn't have to be linked to strategic planning.

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Troy Carter: But having those available not only is healthier from the programs that as opportunities arise, you have things on the on the shelf that you can pull off, but it also makes this strategic planning process more efficient.

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Troy Carter: And then finally on this page this process that we just went through it was time intensive it's of two years, a lot of effort.

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Troy Carter: But it's very important that we do this regularly.

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Troy Carter: This was the first time we did it there's certainly going to be lessons learned going in the next time to make it a little more streamline, but we need to do at least every five years, the idea is that the r&d landscape is changing pretty rapidly, we need to update the plan as appropriate.

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Troy Carter: Alright next page of last page of overarching recommendations, so, as already mentioned, important thread in the report is the need to increase partnering to achieve goals of the plan.

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Troy Carter: And, in particular, we need to expand existing and establish new Public Private Partnership programs, and this has a variety of benefits.

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Troy Carter: it's leveraging capabilities on both sides, so allowing private sector R amp D to MIT get access to public sector facilities in personnel, but also vice versa.

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Troy Carter: reducing costs by working together and accelerate Community commercialization of fusion power and technologies by investing both in the public program and in private sector activities.

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Troy Carter: So we this was, this is a overarching recommendation we have an appendix in the report appendix B, that is dedicated to more detail on what kind of programs might be possible, including discussion of a milestone driven cost share program for fusion development.

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Troy Carter: Second, one is also addressing.

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Troy Carter: partnering, but this time within federal government so as already mentioned, you have a multitude of federal agencies that provide support.

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Troy Carter: Coordinating between these two of these agencies is very important to help accelerate R amp D and reduce duplication and enhance efficiency and so finding a way to to.

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Troy Carter: have formal coordination needs to be a focus.

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Troy Carter: The last two here are focused on di workforce, and these are issues that were raised within the CPP process and have a lot of discussion, a lot of good ideas.

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Troy Carter: And feedback subcommittee view these as barriers to successful execution of the strategic plan, and they need to be acted upon, so the first recommendation.

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Troy Carter: Is that doing an fps should development implement plans to increase diversity equity inclusion within the research community it's it's not only their job, the every institution involved needs to step up, but the we has a role.

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Troy Carter: we're not experts in this, so we really need to have a consultation with the experts to maximize the effect and understand the situation better.

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Troy Carter: And again it's not DVDs role only, we need to collaborate between deeley and other stakeholders and this activity should involve a study workplace climate policies and practices, and we should bring in the best practices from from the Di research community to address this.

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Troy Carter: The final one here is addressing workforce and, in particular, speaking to the need to reverse a policy decision that was made within omb probably more than a decade ago now.

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Troy Carter: That was well intention, the intention was to reduce duplication of effort.

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Troy Carter: The idea that workforce development could be handled by one agency and doesn't have to be handled by others, was the idea in SF does a lot of workforce development, the idea is that an SF could do that and do he doesn't need to.

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Troy Carter: That what what lot what would slip through the cracks there is there are programs will then do we an fps is a big one.

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Troy Carter: Where there are activities that are not supported elsewhere on the federal agency so fusion energy development so DVDs ability to execute discipline specific workforce development was lost.

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Troy Carter: And we need to restore that ability and that gives us many benefits but, including that is the ability to directly recruiting diversity of talent.

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Troy Carter: So these two topics also merited more discussion than in the main report, and so we have an appendix appendix see that provides further discussion and specific recommendations on the workforce.

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Troy Carter: Okay, I want to talk now about the specific recommendations, the fusion, science and technology area.

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Troy Carter: The first one again this goal for the program now is to orient towards this fusion pilot plant and important activity to go along with that is initiating a design effort.

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Troy Carter: To establish a technical basis for the ftp is this design effort would engage all stakeholders in the program and would be a guiding activity.

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Troy Carter: for making progress towards the ftp goal, this would utilize and strengthen the world leading theory computational capabilities and engineering design tools to bring to bear on these design activities.

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Troy Carter: As I already mentioned the second to technology and science drivers.

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Troy Carter: That focused on engineer for the extreme harnessing fusion power they've had less emphasis they needed to make this goal of ftp by the 2014 We really need to increase investment, so the recommendation is to rapidly expand the r&d effort infusion materials and technology.

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Troy Carter: going along with that expansion of after that are needed facility so, in particular, we need what's called a fusion productivity neutron source.

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Troy Carter: This would provide a dt spectrum of neutrons to radiate materials in the effort to develop new material suitable for use in a fusion Nuclear Environment in the ftp.

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Troy Carter: The language here immediately establish the mission need is dealey lingo.

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Troy Carter: For go to what's called critical decision zeros is a process and D for facility development that really establishes the scope and what the mission would be for the facility and starts and gets going on the preconceptions design.

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Troy Carter: In addition to that pursue design and construction as soon as possible in order to close gaps towards the ftp in a timely way.

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Troy Carter: Another set of facilities that are needed, there is an ongoing project within fps that has some investment in 2019 but has ramped up a little bit and is now to CD one.

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Troy Carter: Is the materials plasma exposure experiment impact, which is an oak Ridge, and this is needed to develop the scientific and infrastructure for understanding and.

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Troy Carter: Developing materials in the context of plasma materials interaction So these are plasma facing components that directly face the core plasma and a reactor.

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Troy Carter: In addition to that facility, there are high heat flux testing facilities that are needed at the coupon level and the component level to qualify components for for the ftp.

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Troy Carter: And finally, within the fusion material and technology area again this last technology and science driver partners fusion energy.

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Troy Carter: There needs to be an effort in developing the tritium fuel cycle, and so this is the blanket refers to the object that that surrounds the plasma absorbs and neutrons and breach tritium.

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Troy Carter: And so that activity needs to be expanded, as well as the related tritium processing and fuel cycle our end.

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Troy Carter: Okay, the last page s FST recommendations, the reason that the US fusion program has been world leading is because of the existing research programs and our existing facilities.

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Troy Carter: We have to utilize research operations on DVD and sex you they can close gaps in a timely way towards the ftp.

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Troy Carter: In addition to that, there are opportunities to collaborate with other facilities internationally and also in the private sector, that we should take advantage of to close gaps in the near term.

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Troy Carter: eater is a tremendous investment from the Department of Energy off of science it's again critical for achieving the high game burning plasma reactor scale that we need.

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Troy Carter: So we need to make full use of this investment and cheerful engagement of our US fusion community by forming a research team, and we need to do that in the in the near term as we build up towards first plasma and.

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Troy Carter: Even with the existing facilities and either there are gaps that cannot be closed.

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Troy Carter: And the research community identified a particular gap which we call the innovative token MAC exhausting performance gap, this is really the simultaneous achievement of a.

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Troy Carter: high performance core plasma coupled with an edge solution that that can mitigate the high heat flux and and and have those two work together, this requires a fill a facility at the right scale.

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Troy Carter: Which is not exist, and so the recommendation here is it has the same language as as the FT NS and that's to establish initiative for facility we've called excite.

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Troy Carter: To to really address this gap and pursuit design and construction as soon as possible.

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Troy Carter: Finally, we want to point out opportunities for innovation and transformative research that could lead to fusion better, cheaper faster, that we should invest in.

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Troy Carter: And we've called out for, in particular, the first being stellar writers, which is an alternate magnetic confinement concept that has performed, if you like, second best to Tokyo Max they there's been a lot of advances there and, in fact, is a US invention.

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Troy Carter: Second liquid metal plasma facing components finding an alternative to solid materials that might help mitigate.

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Troy Carter: heat heat flux damage and also neutron damage and the edge inertial fusion energy so there's been.

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Troy Carter: Tremendous investment in an essay and what we would call inertial confinement fusion ice F, but there's been little investment recently in.

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Troy Carter: Looking at that as an actual energy source and we are recommending to restart that activity focused on looking at enabling technology for IFC.

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Troy Carter: And finally alternate concepts, so there are lots of alternate magnetic confinement concepts that have been explored this tremendous investment right now in the private sector there, we should continue to explore this as possible game changers for the fusion core.

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Troy Carter: Okay, switching now to the plasma science and technology recommendations The first one is really the calling for the need for steady support.

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Troy Carter: The idea that fundamental plasma science underlies the whole program and so ideas from there and innovations from their benefit the whole portfolio.

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Troy Carter: We need to support that again enables a stream of innovative ideas it's also a source of new talent in the workforce and at least a scientific foundation for the whole program but also for plasma based technologies.

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Troy Carter: So, within the pst area there's several large scale facilities that have been proposed there's one of them, that is already in the pipeline and so it's already gone those critical decision zero and is moving towards CD one.

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Troy Carter: And that is the matter and extreme conditions upgrade so the matter in extreme conditions is an fps project at the lcs X Ray for election on laser at slack the upgrade would co locate.

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Troy Carter: high energy and ultrafast lasers there to basically provide a platform for really pushing the frontier of hdd science.

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Troy Carter: You can use the laser platform to generate exotic states of matter then pro but with the extra fl and this, this is a high priority for the hdd community, and here we recommend, we must complete the design and construction of that project.

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Troy Carter: The second, the third recommendation here is important to represents a change in culture.

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Troy Carter: Within fps, and that is to establish a plasma based technology research program and the focus here is on the translation not translational opportunities.

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Troy Carter: Taking fundamental scientific findings into society beneficial applications, there is investment there in the Office now in the basic science, but we propose restructuring that and focusing in on this translational aspect.

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Troy Carter: So the brightest light report that I mentioned earlier in the talk called out the fact that the US has been a leader and intense laser.

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Troy Carter: development and research, for example, the pulse application that win the Nobel prize that really enables high intensity ultrafast lasers.

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Troy Carter: was developed in the US, however we've been seating leadership because of investment in other countries in facilities.

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Troy Carter: So there's a need call for that report and amplified here to coordinate a high intensity laser research initiative.

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Troy Carter: This would have to be in collaboration with all the agencies that are interested so http nsf or there's several others, you can mention but we're asking here fcs to take a lead role in coordinating this initiative.

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Troy Carter: going along with that there are other facility needs that are tied to this initiative, in particular, we call out to in the report.

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Troy Carter: We call out the development of a multi petabyte and we say multi petabyte we need multi 10s of patois facility, they can get you in the X up haskell.

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Troy Carter: Pressure regime and really push the frontier of hdd science, in addition to that there's a call for a high REP rate high intensity leisure facility.

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Troy Carter: This again is to help increase the efficiency and push the new frontiers and add science, it also has connection to the plasma technology in the context of plasma accelerator development.

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Troy Carter: So both these facilities again have there's interest from across the federal government, so these would be pursued in partnership with other federal agencies, where possible.

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Troy Carter: All right, two more pst and then a couple of cross cutting.

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Troy Carter: So the next recommendation is around network, so this one is really motivated by the very successful laser net us network that basically opens up.

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Troy Carter: Existing leisure facilities that had not been user facilities and invest in them to open up time to the broader research community provide access to said state of the art facilities.

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Troy Carter: that's been very successful we want to first of all, enhance that but also look at opportunities to develop networks and other parts of plasma science and engineering.

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Troy Carter: In addition to the access to facilities, we think there's a need to invest in diagnostics and computational tools that that can be brought to bear on these networks and we add a recommendation to those two here.

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Troy Carter: Finally.

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Troy Carter: there's a bit of a history within the fusion energy sciences of investment in laboratory facilities that address problems that are relevant and space and astrophysical plasma so, for example, the magnetic reconnection experiment princeton.

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Troy Carter: has been one of those and now that the flare experiment, which is the following.

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Troy Carter: So this is this has been an area where fps is already invested we think there's opportunities to strengthen that and expand it both in programmatic investments, as well as new facilities and here there's opportunities for partnership to.

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Troy Carter: dealey and NASA recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding was not at the level that the answer was a very high level, but that mo you represents an opportunity now to engage and explore partnering where.

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Troy Carter: fps can investments in laboratory science can be brought to bear on mission relevant activities with NASA and so forth.

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Troy Carter: Alright, a couple cross cutting recommendations.

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Troy Carter: The first one is really code for those that participate in the CBP for the cross cutting activities.

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Troy Carter: in particular.

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Troy Carter: theory and computation diagnostics and enabling technology and the recommendation here is to ensure robust support for these activities for foundational activities that are important across the whole portfolio.

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Troy Carter: Both in plasma and fusion science Okay, the final recommendation is one that we need to support research that supplies fundamental data, and when I say fundamental data, I mean cross section rate coefficients.

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Troy Carter: required to advance fusion energy and plasma science and engineering i'll note, as I end the recommendations were several of these have been echoed or were echoing what has brought up in the cable report that mark Krishna and Gary sanctified, and this was one of them, among others.

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Troy Carter: we're hoping that multiple reports can help move move the Needle, on this Okay, so that those are the recommendations, so the rest of the report.

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Troy Carter: discusses the budget scenarios and it's important to know that there are no additional recommendations in the budget scenario, so there are measures that are taken.

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Troy Carter: In the Budget scenarios and I think I say that in the next slide so I should put it up, we have to say fund this and don't fund that.

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Troy Carter: That recommendation does not stand outside of the budget scenario, so these three budget scenarios none of them are actually going to happen.

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Troy Carter: So they are really just here to provide an exercise for us to express our prioritization.

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Troy Carter: And that's really the goal here so but no additional recommendations so to remind you, we had three budget scenarios to consider.

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Troy Carter: Constant level of effort fiscal 19 with inflators okay so that's that's what that means for 10 years modest growth you add 2% per year above the constant level of effort.

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Troy Carter: And then unconstrained but prioritize again to remind you, we did not consider the easier edo construction project we focused on the remainder of the budget.

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Troy Carter: and ask the question how do you reorganize that budget to achieve the goals presented in the plan.

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Troy Carter: it's important to remind you that fiscal 19 budget included almost zero dollars for design and construction of new facilities.

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Troy Carter: For that reason, using that budget as a starting point, you have to turn something off or redirect resources to make something new happen so for that reason.

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Troy Carter: We chose an approach to redirection where, if there was a new activity within the FST area, we would redirect within the FST portion of the 2019 budget and vice versa, for for pst okay.

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Troy Carter: Important assumption here while we talk a lot about partnership and opportunities there, we did not take the approach of trying to take credit for those partnerships.

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Troy Carter: So when we symbol, the scenarios we assume all costs were born by the fcs alone, so in that sense, these projections are conservative with partnering you can accelerate progress, you can reduce costs and timeline.

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Troy Carter: Okay, so i'll just talk through the constraints and arrows and talk about the industry and then i'll be done with that question.

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Troy Carter: So the constraints in areas required difficult choices and we did the hard work using the CPP Community input.

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Troy Carter: To basically construct portfolios that represent the need to change direction and address the prioritization the Community put forward.

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Troy Carter: emphasize the elements that need to be emphasized and advanced again this ftp mission and the goal to advance plasma science and engineering so nonetheless the constraints scenarios do not provide sufficient resources to constantly prepare for an ftp by the.

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Troy Carter: In addition, there are many lost opportunities in plasma science and engineering area as i've already said, so we have to redirect resources from existing facilities.

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Troy Carter: To do this scenario within FST the redirection comes from talking back operations and research, so we have to redirect funds and reduce operations.

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Troy Carter: to fund needed new facilities increased focus on the affinity program so to find impacts completion to fund fps progress, you have to redirect and the token that Program.

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Troy Carter: An important message to from this is that, because there is again no no free energy in the program and importantly.

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Troy Carter: The pst portion of the budget is relatively small is around 50 million a year, even redirecting that in its entirety, would be insufficient to complete the nicu project, as planned, so this is a problem.

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Troy Carter: it's an important point to make, though, that in the 2020 and 2021 budget Congress has put in money explicitly for the NBC upgrade project.

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Troy Carter: that's they are doing what we are recommending the recommendation is you need to put new money into the program to enable construction of this important facility.

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Troy Carter: Alright, so if you take literally what the constraints scenario says it does have consequences it will cost us position as a global leader.

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Troy Carter: And again compromise future developments that have important societal implications of slowing down and open the fusion and also development expansion of our knowledge of plasma science and development of plasma technology.

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Troy Carter: However, there's significant return on investment if you go beyond.

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Troy Carter: Certainly the the flat scenario or the constant level of effort, where there is a lot of again lost opportunities and significant risk.

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Troy Carter: So that that slight increase to 2% does have a lot of increased rates of return on investment.

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Troy Carter: So you are able to move more quickly on facility development, you can expand some research programs but there's still risk and miss opportunities that remain, including the threat to reaching the ftp by the 2014.

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Troy Carter: The unconstrained scenario we constructed the unconstrained not to be.

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Troy Carter: Not not to be blue sky not to be like an Apollo program where you look at it and say i'm going to get 1050 times the investment and i'm going to move very rapidly towards fusion.

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Troy Carter: The interest rate scenario we really constructed as the recommendations from the CPP report.

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Troy Carter: And what that did was laid out the needed elements to get to the ftp and the needed and the opportunities that are high priority within plasma science.

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Troy Carter: Our point is that investing beyond the constraints in areas beyond the modest growth so just going into the list in the report we prioritized activities will have substantial return so it'd be important scientific advances and progress towards fusion will be accelerated.

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Troy Carter: Another important point to take away is we don't view the unconstrained scenario as being not not reasonable or not, or being fantasy, we think you could realize that budget.

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Troy Carter: It would not be outrageous Okay, especially with staging program pivoting utilizing partnerships to reduce time and cost.

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Troy Carter: We believe all the activities listed in the unconstrained can be accomplished in a timely manner and under budgets that are realizable.

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Troy Carter: And with that i'll say thank you and remind you that you can get your copy of the report here, hopefully, the final report will appear there very soon and i'm glad to take any questions that you have.

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John Edison Foster: yeah so we open it up for questions.

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John Edison Foster: So actually to what what while we're waiting, I had a really quick when you mentioned workforce development any comments on a fellowship do we fellowships for graduate students.

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Troy Carter: yeah right so that's that's a key.

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Troy Carter: You know that that's where this omb.

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Troy Carter: Decision really had a big impact so we're used to used to be 1015 years ago.

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Troy Carter: There was a de we a fusion energy sciences graduate fellowship and that was very helpful for recruiting students into the field, they saw it as an opportunity to get supported from the get go.

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Troy Carter: So that's been rolled out they've replaced it with this s gsr program which is useful.

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Troy Carter: But it's not useful for recruitment because it's basically for students, that have already gotten into their graduate career and now they want to do a year internship or six months that national lab so that's helpful it's really a recruiting tool for the labs.

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Troy Carter: But I think if we really want to have impact on the workforce coming into the graduate education pipeline having a tool, like the the former.

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Troy Carter: Fusion Energy sciences graduate fellowship I think is important to do that we really have to work around this own be rolling and again the, this is another one that the decade all.

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Troy Carter: brought up before and so we're hoping that hitting the hammer a few times will get some some motion here from omb and elsewhere.

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John Edison Foster: Thank you.

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Mark Kushner: Troy this is more cushion or thing, thank you very much for this presentation.

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Mark Kushner: So this was a congressionally mandated report and it's gone up up the ladder and will be reviewed by Congress.

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Mark Kushner: One reaction that you will get from Congress has to the budget that they provided back, but do you do you expect any other feedback any other iteration between the science and technology committees or did you will know whether you know what the result is when the budget comes out.

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Troy Carter: So, at the moment, so yeah, as you know, when the national academies does a report, they do a good job of connecting you to the right.

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Troy Carter: audiences in the federal government as a de we mandated report, you know technically it just goes to the leadership of course it goes beyond so do we is not necessarily actively pursuing.

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Troy Carter: Having conversations between the fee sack and say oh SDP on be rushing staffers However, we are we're hoping to have this conversation we certainly have already had conversations with Congressional staffers about the report.

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Troy Carter: There I mean i'm doing my world tour right now I have meetings that are outside of you know institutions that are doing research, so the energy sciences coalition.

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Troy Carter: i'll meet with and give a talk to you next week I got invited by Chevron to give a talk, which should be interesting to give that perspective to them.

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Troy Carter: But i'm certainly committed to, and I think the members of the committee john Scott can speak for themselves, but I think, given the level investment here, we stand ready to continue the conversation, and what will be seeking opportunities to do so.

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Troy Carter: With people outside of the way and ocb omb and Congressional staffers.

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Mark Kushner: Is there a role for the Community at this point.

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Troy Carter: yeah that's a great question and you know, certainly, I think we have an opportunity here the Community did the hard work to come together on this report.

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Troy Carter: An important message is being sent is exactly that that there is consensus behind this.

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Troy Carter: I think the the there, there are also the Community, we would hope, I mean again i'm out giving these talks, hoping that the report that we ended up writing get your support.

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Troy Carter: And we're hoping that you're willing to express that support as as you discuss your research programs, if you do with with with members of Congress.

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Troy Carter: With others in the government really to advocate for for growth within plasma science and engineering and fusion research.

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Troy Carter: There may be more organized activities in that direction that are being discussed, so I say stay tuned but, at the moment we're hopeful that.

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Troy Carter: You know we're out here, trying to send the message about this report to see make sure we get support for with the idea that a unified voice is going to move the needle more in terms of level of funding for the field, then each of us going with our own individual points of view.

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John Edison Foster: hey looks like we have thanks Troy so we have a question from the audience here Jeff Raymond Jeff did you want to ask it yourself, but he just want me to read it.

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Jeff Raymond: Sure sure I just didn't want to interrupt do you have any advice great talk, by the way, extremely exciting.

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Jeff Raymond: It really reminds me of some of the initial like are, but he.

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Jeff Raymond: Talks and I got I got to go out and see some of that when I was hunting for postdocs long ago yeah.

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Jeff Raymond: Do you have any advice for mid career researchers, that would like to pivot from an allied discipline into supporting plasma science or fusion research is there anything out there that sort of mimics the NRC senior fellowships which are for people with you know 10 plus years post graduate.

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Troy Carter: This is a great idea, honestly, so we did not have this kind of ideas explicitly and report, but I think it's a great idea and the fact that you bring up the prior art that I was aware of that, but it did not come up in our discussions.

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Troy Carter: But I think this is a good idea, I mean if we do have a if we're going to do what is laid out in the report to really you know enhance the investment and FM empty areas.

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Troy Carter: It has to be done rapidly to be consistent with the timelines, and so we have to have some kind of investment, we did talk about how you grow university programs There we have some discussion about how do you stimulate faculty hiring.

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Troy Carter: We talked about postdocs and graduate tell us, yes, but we didn't talk about this idea, which I think is a good one, and really should be carried forward so you know if I have the opportunity to inject that in the conversation i'll certainly do that, but I think it's a good idea.

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Jeff Raymond: Thank you.

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Carolyn Kuranz: I try it's carolyn I really great talk Thank you and thank you for leading this effort i'm really happy with the the final report.

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Carolyn Kuranz: As you're going on this world to our House, the report being received.

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Troy Carter: I would like to say very positively, I mean I guess what I can say for sure is, I have not heard a lot of.

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Troy Carter: People being upset either by email or in the conversations, there are good questions being asked about how this is going to be implemented.

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Troy Carter: And whether or not the timelines are realistic and these are fair questions that we have to work out, but my sense is that there is.

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Troy Carter: The this it's been well received and, in particular feedback from office of science leadership and from Congress so.

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Troy Carter: Nice note from Adam rosenberg that the you know who's this staff on the how science committee that the Community is finally done what he's been asking him to do for the last decade, which is to come forward with a consensus strategic plan so he seems very.

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Pleased.

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Troy Carter: And we heard the same from sc leadership from Chris Paul Harris calm and from others within see binkley and others that they were very pleased with the with the outcome here.

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Carolyn Kuranz: that's fantastic, and then a follow up is how now that we have a new administration how How is this going to affect things or how can, how can this report move forward, since it was asked for by the previous administration.

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Troy Carter: Right of course it's going to land on the desk of the new.

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Troy Carter: So that report was delivered officially to acting off of the science director Steve monthly but also to the newly appointed chief of staff.

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Troy Carter: Within the office of science, and so we think it's time fairly well to land on the desk and so that does the there will be opportunities to have more engagement we're hoping, I mean you know mark asked a good question about how we're.

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Troy Carter: rolling it out to beyond the office of science in the Congress and everywhere we do anticipate having heard from rational staffers there may be interested in additional briefings.

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Troy Carter: Fusion day is coming up, as well as other advocacy days and certainly we look to a meeting with Congressional committees and others and Members.

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Troy Carter: They were hoping to advocate, of course, for the report and the result, the consensus result and those settings so that's the plan for now.

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Troy Carter: And, but we, you know we're we're also hopeful, of course, that the Community is energized by this and wants to get engaged in that advocacy process also.

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Carolyn Kuranz: Great Thank you.

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Carolyn Kuranz: yeah.

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John Edison Foster: Thanks, so we have time for one more question, maybe one really quick when I guess we run a little bit over, but they won't have any more questions at all, yes plasma questions as well, for his.

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John Edison Foster: director of the lapd.

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Troy Carter: We can talk science.

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John Edison Foster: yeah so so try, while they're thinking so so I had to have a question, it probably unrelated to the report, but it's more about this pilot plant, so the idea is to have something operational in the.

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John Edison Foster: That is that correct.

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Troy Carter: yeah I mean, I think you know sooner the better is the honest answer right, so I think the is kind of the timeline that we're thinking.

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Troy Carter: Looking at this conservative low risk approach, I think there is impetus for having it be sooner than that, in particular, if we want to have.

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Troy Carter: A fusion available to to be you know fielded within energy generation and time to meet this goal that the utility and the global energy industry is set, which is to have carbon neutral by mid century.

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Troy Carter: It has to be before because it's got to be ready to go and be deployed on an earlier time scale, so we do think that.

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Troy Carter: You know, with with partnering and with with other more aggressive actions you could move it earlier but looking at this timeline with the fps only activity leading into it 2014 was the timeline that was consensus within the Community.

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John Edison Foster: Okay, so it's kind of a little bit of a horse race between the different private entities that are.

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John Edison Foster: In content.

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Troy Carter: And yeah right and we want to the best case scenario is we work together and make progress more efficient on all fronts okay.

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John Edison Foster: yeah so any more questions from audience, you can put in the chat as well.

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John Edison Foster: As Ryan.

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Ryan David McBride: I guess i'll ask one um so the just the science when I.

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Ryan David McBride: saw that the high temperature superconductors are often being cited as one of these technological breakthroughs it's enabling us to go faster now and i'm just kind of curious the way I understood.

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Ryan David McBride: You know some of the sizing requirements of eater is that the radius of curvature isn't so sharp so that it kind of.

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Ryan David McBride: helps with Greg gradient driven instabilities interests and things like that, so I can understand a high temperature superconductor making things more compact for stronger magnetic fields, but then, how do you How does that solve the tighter radius of curvature and everything.

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Troy Carter: Well Okay, so they actually that's not so big a constraint, I mean the rays of curvature there, there are drawbacks of that but it's not the biggest biggest issues that transport.

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Troy Carter: Basically, you look at scale parameter so i'll just say this basically the.

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Troy Carter: Higher field you go there's benefits in confinement okay so going to highfield gives you gives you benefits the reason high temperature superconductors would make.

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Troy Carter: Design like eat or small either is so big because the field on access is limited by not knowing being 10.

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Troy Carter: Technology basically the it can only go to so high, a field before you have issues with quenching and and other problems, so you can't go beyond either level of field with that technology.

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Troy Carter: hgs allows you to go to very high field, so there are designs, you know CFS Commonwealth fusion has a design that would be 12 test law and access.

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Troy Carter: And with that really you can make things more compact the mean the real issue an eater is that.

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Troy Carter: In terms of confinement its parameters aren't that different from the technical took them activates a little higher field is that gives you a little bit of a win.

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Troy Carter: But the parameters are similar, so the transport is pretty similar to what we know now so if you want to defeat, transport, the the way the way to do it just make it big so basically the heats going at the same rate out, but it has longer to go.

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Troy Carter: And therefore, you can make confinement work with higher field, you can now do that much smaller scale and that's a big changer because.

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Troy Carter: The cost goes with the size and you know there's probably an exponent there and turn and especially with the coils as a for either one of the most costly components.

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Troy Carter: But there's there's other benefits, but the real game changer is well it's it's twofold it's the increased magnetic field but also they're more robust, because you can.

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Troy Carter: You know you don't have to run them and they can run it higher temperature, but if you run them at lower temperature now you're much more robust to quench is due to thermal effects and neutrons and so there's technological benefits as well scientific.

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Ryan David McBride: Thanks.

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Eastern Engineering: Right.

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John Edison Foster: yeah thanks right and that's a great answer and thanks overall for the presentation I think we're going to close it out to today we're kind of going over and people started drop off, so we.

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Eastern Engineering: can ask one question.

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John Edison Foster: Oh yeah really quick hi.

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Eastern Engineering: My name is a little fiefdom just representing keystone analytic solutions, so I am a material sciences are have a pretty good sense bedroom.

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Eastern Engineering: So.

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Eastern Engineering: One small question is that have been doing experiments regarding.

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Eastern Engineering: selection and use of proper material.

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Eastern Engineering: For all parts of the reactor, primarily, starting with the plasma facing material so just quick question is that how much.

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Eastern Engineering: Material science is part of this program.

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Eastern Engineering: Physical lot of difficulties.

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Troy Carter: yeah right, I mean if you look at where investments have been made it's mostly on the side, where you are looking at the plasma interaction with the material.

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Troy Carter: And there's some coupling of material size but we really need grow the.

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Troy Carter: Material science aspects to really understand develop new materials find out materials that a robust a neutron radiation.

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Troy Carter: And also can survive the heat flux is have low impurity injection into the plasma there's a lot of issues there that are material science and so we really need to grow that activity substantially from where it is now.

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John Edison Foster: yeah okay well Troy, thank you for a great talk and yeah hopefully next time we'll see you here in person.

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Troy Carter: I hope so.

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John Edison Foster: Thank you.

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Troy Carter: Okay, all right thanks john thanks everybody.